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Sibudu Cave is a rock shelter in a sandstone cliff in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.〔Wadley L, Jacobs Z. (2004). (Sibudu Cave, KwaZulu-Natal: Background to the excavations of middle stone age and iron age occupations ). South African Journal of Science, 100: 145–151 (abstract )〕 It is an important Middle Stone Age site occupied, with some gaps, from 77,000 years ago to 38,000 years ago. Evidence of some of the earliest examples of modern human technology has been found in the shelter (although the earliest known spears date back 400,000 years). The evidence in the shelter includes the earliest bone arrow (61,000 years old),〔Backwell L, d'Errico F, Wadley L.(2008). Middle Stone Age bone tools from the Howiesons Poort layers, Sibudu Cave, South Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science, 35:1566–1580. 〕 the earliest needle (61,000 years old),〔 the earliest use of heat-treated mixed compound gluing (72,000 years ago),〔 and the earliest example of the use of bedding (77,000 years ago).〔Wadley L, Sievers C, Bamford M, Goldberg P, Berna F, Miller C. (2011). (Middle Stone Age Bedding Construction and Settlement Patterns at Sibudu, South Africa ). Science 9 December 2011: Vol. 334 no. 6061 pp. 1388–1391〕 The use of glues and bedding are of particular interest, because the complexity of their creation and processing has been presented as evidence of continuity between early human cognition and that of modern humans.〔〔Wadley L, Hodgskiss T, Grant M. (2009). Implications for complex cognition from the hafting of tools with compound adhesives in the Middle Stone Age, South Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106:9590–9594 PMID 19433786〕〔Wynn T. (2009). Hafted spears and the archaeology of mind.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106:9544–9545 PMID 19506246〕 ==Description== Sibudu Cave is a rock shelter, located roughly north of the city of Durban and about inland, near the town of Tongaat. It is in a steep, forested cliff facing WSW that overlooks the Tongati River in an area that is now a sugar cane plantation. The shelter was formed by erosional downcutting of the Tongati River, which now lies below the shelter. Its floor is long, and about in width.〔 It has a large collection of Middle Stone Age deposits that are well preserved organically and accurately dated using optically stimulated luminescence.〔 The first excavations following its discovery in 1983 were carried out by Aron Mazel of the Natal Museum (unpublished work).〔Wadley L. (2001).[http://web.wits.ac.za/NR/rdonlyres/71661A97-BDA3-491A-8652-B99BEF4C4DA3/0/LaueTurkingtonSmith2001PresentingSouthAfricanRock.pdf [Excavations at Sibudu Cave, Kwazulu-Natal], The Digging Stick, 18, Dec, (3) 1–7.〕 Lyn Wadley of the University of the Witwatersrand started renewed excavations in September 1998. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sibudu Cave」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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